Electric automobile



F. G. LE MERLE, M. J. ULLMAN, AND J. EBARRY.

GASOLINLELECTRIC AUTOMOBILE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 14. 1920.

Patented July 18, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- WITNESSES JJAJ MK:

A TTORNE V8 F. G. LE MERLE, M. J. ULLMAN AND J'. E. BARRY.

GASOLINE-ELECTRIC AUTOMOBILE. APPLI'.AT|0N mm SEPT. I4- 1920.

Patented July 18, 1922..

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- WITNESSES INVENTOR ATTORNEYS F. G. LE MERLE M. J. ULLMAN, AND J. E. BARRY.

GASOLINE-ELECTRIC AUTOMOBILE. APPLI'TATION FILED SEPT. I4. 1920.

6? 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES mm GWZ A ZZLLE,

MERVIN JEAN l/LLMAN j. M t on/v IJMMETBARR r p B) ATTORNEYS UNITED' STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS GLQYD LE MERLE, mm JEAN ULLMLAN, AND JOHN EMMET BARRY, OF

WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Application also satanic-r 1 4} isso.user-arising;

To all wliomit may concern:

Be it known that we F-mmcrs .Gnoro 5L1: Manna, Mnnvm Jean illnnnan, and Jo nt Einm'rBAnnY, citizens of the ll'nited States, and residentsof Washington, in the District of Cohnnbia have invented certainnew and useful "Improvements .in Gasoline-Electric Automobiles oi which the following isa specification. Y H

Our invention relates ,to improvementsjn motor vehicles,- especially being an impmy'fllncnt in automobiles, and it consistsnn the constructions, combinations and mode of operation herein described and claimed.

One of the foremost objects of the invention is to royitlefa driv ngtapparatus for an automo ileqr the lilre, f;om which the power. is imparted directly to; the axle without the interposition of the customary transmimjion, clutch, etc. and; the diiliculties atfondzintupon' their use. n

furtherobject o the invention is to provide a power plantjor nnoautomobile. which will oierate at fullefiicienc at all times, regard ess of the speed atw iichthc vehicle is traveling or the grade it is ascend- ?i further object of the invention is ,to provide a power plant of the class described, in which is incorporated aningenious overnor which causes the vehicle to travei at a uniform rate of speed, after a roper adjustmentfor a desired speed has con made, regardless of whether the vchiclejs travelin; a level stretch or an incline.

A further object of the invention is to provide a power plant embodying an internal combustion engine and an electric generator, the latter being so wound that it may be operated as a starting motor for the enine. H

A further object of the invention is to provide an automatic control, dependent on the terminal voltage of a. driven motor.

Other objecm and advantages will appear in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which;

Figure 1 is a 1:111 view-of the chassis of an automobile, diagrammatically illustrating the improved gasoline-electric power plant thereon,

. Fighre Q is a dia ram illustrating the passage of current in envy lines over the wirmg system, in the starting position,

igure 3 is a similarwiring diagram illustrating the passage of current in heavy lines in the running position,

Figureyi 181!. plan view of the governor by means of which uniform rates of speed are derived regardless of whether the vehicle is running-uphill or on the level,

Figure 5 is a side elevation of the governor, illustrating, its attachment to the carbnreter, and

Figure ,6 is a detail view of a modification of thegovernor wherein a s rin motor .15 employed as is more full disc 0s below. ,IAs.:briefly pointed out In one of the objects of the invention above, this automobile power Pllfl'ltJS distinctive. in that the usual tI'ilIlSHllSSlOIl; gearing, clutch, etc. are entirefyeliminated. In other words. the power generated at the front is directly imparted :to an electric motor in connection with the rear axle, and there is no intermediate mechanism.,to absorb energy and cause endless difliculties bybrcaking down. The advantages of the improved power plant, become apparent as the description of the construction and mode of operation proceeds. The chassis 1. which incidentally. may be that of the ordinary automobile or other vehicle.

carries the usual internal combustion engine 2 at the front. Its shaft 3 is common both to the engine and special wound electric generator 4..

Assnining,for the sake of a quick introduction, that the parts in FigLu-e 1 are in the running, position, current flows from the positive brush 5 of the generator over wire 6. through the governor (3', wire I, through the coils 8 of the driving motor 9, terminals 10. 11 and 12 of the reversing switch. wire 13 to the upper brush 14, through the rOmmutator 15 and armature windings to the lower bru'sh 16, over wire 17 and the terminals 18, 19 and 20 of the reversing switch, wires 21 and 22 to the negative brush 23, hearing on thec-Jmmutator 24 of the generator. v

The enerator 4 creates direct electric cur rent. .he driving motor 9 is series wound. The internal combustion engine 2 operates Specification of Lctterslfatenti Patented I113 18, 1922.

s is in the usual manner, in turn causing the operation of the generator 4 and the current which is created operates the driving motor 9 so that the reurexlc and wheels of the automobile are revolved throu glijthedrivin shaft of the motor.

For the purposes of the description medintely following, consider diagrammatic Figures .2 and 3. These respectively shown th'starting and running positions, the pas sage of the main current-'hein heavy lines. There is a sum tery 26, ordinaril used for lighting and ignition, but chie y to start the engine 2. It is atsuch'time that the generator 4 becomes the starting motor.

When the 3-pole switch is depressed into the position shown in Figure 2e inst the tension of its expansion 5 rim: 2 current flows from the positive po e o i'the storage battery over wire 28 nnd arm '29 of the switch to the wire 30; from thence through the series windin 31 of the generetom in at brush '5, out ct %ll13l'l 23, a small portion passing through the shunt winding ofjthe generator which is shunted Ecross bru'shes 5 end 23, -over wire 22 to the middle arm 33 of the switch, returning to thenegatiyepole of the storage battery via 'wire ,34'. The current'from the storage battery thus causes the generator to operate as a compound mostorage bat -tor and thus start-the'engine 2.

Nextnssume the running position in Figure '3. The starting or 3 pole switch is now released, so thntthc arms assume the second position illustrated. The generator 4 now operates us such, the current path bein' indicated in heavy lines and already described in connection \vithFigure'l; -By releasing the S-pole s\vitcli .'the s'toragebettery 26 is disconnected from the series winding 31 of the generator. This winding is used only in starting the engine.

Provision is made for chargin the storage battery while the engine an generetor run. As soon as the voltage of-the generator reaches a predetermined value.,the reverse current circuit breaker 35 bridges the contacts 36 so that current is conducted to the battery from the positive brush 5. Before this value is reached, current flows from the positive brush '5 over wire 6.

through the coil 38 wire 39, over wire and back to the commutator of the generator though the third'hrush 41, which is adjustable in position.

A ftcr the voltage of the generator builds up high enough to sutli icntly energize the coil 38 for the attraction of the core of the circuit breaker 35. the contacts 36 are bridged as stated above. whereupon current flows from the brush 5, over wire 6. oz'er contacts 35 and 36 to the wire 28. through the storage battery 26 rot-liming via \viro stop El or tievls indicated by "mine! voltage;

before the reached. vonsider Figure 4, which'illustrates the 2 arm 4210f the 3-pole switch, wire 40 and third brush 41. The circuit breaker 35 remains closed, or in the charging position, while the power .plent ofthe automobile is in operution.,. h s soor'r'zis the engine 2 is at an extremely low spee the circuit breaker 35 automatically opens so that the current from the storage battery may not flow back through the genorator and thus be wasted.

The '-govemoitin-"0r automatic voltage regulator is equal in importance to the main power plax1t,'since-through its instrumentality t e necessary changes in volta e at the series driving motor 9 are accomplished and this by the variation of the applied ternot by the insertion of wasteful resistance in the circuit. It is to be borne in mindthetthe'voltage impresed on tremelyrough or on an' incline, the governor causes the throttle valve 47 to open wider,"thus causing the engine 2 to work harder and produce'e greater voltage and current outgput at the generator 4 so that the motor. may operate to drive the vehicle et-thdsame speed that it was driven road conditions named were governor and its windin s in detail, in connection with Figure l, which shows the governor inp'lace in the line wire 6, 7. It comprises the drum armature e3, which although not so shown is actually provided with suitable windings which are connected V to the various segments of the commutator i The armature shaft 45 is'freely rcvolu'ble in suitable bearings such as 46, and extendng down as shown in' Figure 5, connected with the shaft of the butterfly or throttle valve 4T. ,The field poles 48 contain shunt windings'49'and series windings 50, both separate and distinct from each other. ,The winding 49 is in series with the armature of the governor, but is in parallel with the motor terminals 7 and 21. while the field winding 50 is in series with current supplied to the motor.

One of the terminals 51 of the shunt connected winding is connected to terminal 53 which is one of the terminals of the series connected windingwhich is connected to the external load'at the main wire 7.

The opposite terminal 52 of the shunt windingbein'g connected to the negative terminal of the generator. the terminal 54 being the other terminal of the series winding is conne'ctedWo thlennain Wire (5 which is connectedto the positive terminal of'the generator. all being illustrated in Figure I.

the vehicle traverses. If the road is exof the torsion screw 68.". J: 7'

. tii iht. by properly. turning the-screw- 70.

running directly bute-other.passing over an idler'64 for the purpose of equalizin the tension of thespring on the armature s aft. Bot-h cables tend to turn the shaftin-one direction, namely; clockwise. .A third cable 65'extends from the armatureshaft to a coil spring 66, the otherendiof which includes a flexible connection 67 :wound-on the end This screw is so mounted in abraclret 69 that itmay eithenbeiloosenedaor clamped e sprin 66 and its connections,-exert a counter ockwise -rotationa1= force; on -.the' 1 armature shaft, thus opposi the's 61. The pivot screw 71 of the i dler fii-ifadjustable and capableof being locked'to' its adjustment, for the purpose ofanaking the idler run with just the proper-amount ofi pay. ."Jw i i The method of operation-and 'ad'ustment spring 61 is relieved of all tensiom -The' lock screw is thenlooscned sulficiently to allow a stiff movementz-ofthe torsionscrew 68. This screw is manipulated .iiiitil the tension springgfifi pulls strongly enough to'close the throttle valve 47 from a :wi'deiope'n position. The armature 43 will accomplish this by rotating through an an leaf-90, whereupon the lock screw 70 shoul be set to clamp the torsion screw' 68 permanently in position. The reader must bear in mind that the spring 66 is now under tension. The spring 61 is next stretched until it overcomes the tension of the spring 66, or approximately enough to open the throttle va re 47 about-59v Upon startin the engine 2, the o erator will note sho d hes-connectia "v0 tmeter acrog; the generator terminals .that the generutor 4 is building up. This will require but a few seconds. The-tension of the spring 61 should be adjusted until tlie-generator voltage isahout. ten volts. No lroltmeter is shown in the drawings, but the readerwlll There is now the condition that the tension of the spring 61 is halancingvthe torque-of the armature 43. If the line switch which is the reverse switch is now closed for the forward running and the vehicle brought up to understand at once what the operation is a speed of say ten miles per-hour-on-a'lev'el -ture 43; It now a 5% gr neutralized by the tar ue :pr

' the shunt 'wmdin road, we now have the same condition as we had before we started, the tension of the spring 61 balancing the to: ue of the armsc is approached in order to ascend the grade at the same rate of speed as on level, the generator 4 must supply more voltage and current to the motor driving thevehicle, the govenror G now :does this .by coming into action and opening the throttle valve 47 which supplies the en- =gine Q with more gas thus causing it to speed up, which drives the generator 4 at an increased speed -this causing its voltage to rise to a in her value as noted on the, voltmeter, whic supplies the necessary current to the-motor to enable it to carry the vehicle up the rude atthesame speed it was travelingngn' eve],

' 1s voltage regulation occurs solely throughth governor G a'ndinthis manner: When the vehicle is'runnii'i on level the torque-produced by the sprin All will he oduced by the armature 43i=- Asthe ve ricle starts to ascend a grade, the-motor immediately draws more current-from the generator 4 which causes a drop in voltage, across its terminals which in turn decreases the current through the shunt windings 49 andurmature 43 of the governor G There is also an-increase in current throughthe series windings -50 in a direction op osite to that of thecurrent in 49' which still further weakens the fiel' produced by the shunt windings 49. Thus the'torque produced by the armature. 43 is weakened allowing the torque produced by the-sprin 61 to rotate the armature in a cloclcwl'sed irection; thus opening the'throttle valve 4'1 until a state of equilibrium is a ain restored between the torque produced hy the armature 4 3 and the spring 61. The serieswindmg50 1s shunted out by the single-pole single-throw switch 55 when it is necessary to have the governor G maintains. constant voltage with varying loads. v v

Manual operation of the throttle 47 is had through the lever 75, which moves over the uadrant 76 and has a connection 77 to the ree end of the springfil. The quadrant 7G is graduated in miles per hour, so that all the operator needs to-do is to 'set the lever T5 at the place registering the desired speed, whereupon the mechanism of the power plant. performs its functions in such a manher as to keep the speed of the vehicle practically in correspondence with that registel-ed on the quadrant.

The-usual foot undhaud brakesare intended to her-used butare not illustrated in the drawings. since their arrangement is ob- +7, independently of the throttle lever 75, in cases where sudden bursts of speed are .required.

The modification in Figure 6, illustrates a different method of applying spring tension to the armature shaft 45. In this case, it is done by a spring-motor '72, capable of being wound by the key 7 3 or other suitable means and the intern-oiling gear train 74. Tension of spring 72 iscapable of being released when necessary, by suitable mechanical means. a

There is the same arrangement of field poles 48 at the sides of the armature 43 as before. lhe same result is obtained by this arrangement as by that in Figure .4. The tension of the spring 72 opposes the torque created in the armature by the .field across the poles 48" and when the latter become weakened :the spring exerts its force toopen the throttle valvein proportion.

The advantages maybe briefly recited, in addition to the above description. It is contain lured that the power plant of thispar- 'ticu ar automobile is to be put to uses to which the power plants of automobiles such as nowilniown, cannot be put. The chassis 1 may befitted with any; ype of bodg l so as a to transform the vehicle in to aporta e mo tion picture projection outfi t,a,portahlo hospital or X-ray outfit, a wireless telegraph station,.etc. a i

In each case,.-current is derived from-the generator 4, andthe reader may easily see that the applications ofthe current derived are unlimited. ;For example, ,a Searchlight may be operated, or the device may be used as a portable .lightiug station for camps and the like. Although the governor G .is an indispensable part ofithe power plant, its use -is not limitcdito thatin connection with the cngine Q. It may be employed on any tvpe of prime morergjopcratirig a generator, the current from which actuates the .g0vernor suitably modified to control the throttle ol the prime mover, such as is shown in Figure 6. While this generator resembles a compound wound generator, it isnever used as a. compound generator but as a shunt generator and a compound motor. It is at all times run as a shunt generator when generating. It has a winding, however, which is in series with the armature and when used as a motor for starting the .en- ,qine.:it is a compound motor. -While the construction and arrangement of the improved power plant as herein described and claimed, is that of;a generally preferred form, obviously modifications and changes ma v be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

We claim:

1. A power plant, comprising an electric of vehicle speed, :for

generator, with .a driving .en valued fuel inlet,- a motor em generator circuit, operati her; and .-a governorcontro let to maintain ava ing generator output and :thespecd of sai member at a predeteranined normal, comprising means under tension pulling on the waive-in one direc tion, electro-mfgnctic' means embraced b Said circuit p ucing t'orqueto balance the tension of thezfil'st meansata predetermined .point, but permittingltheifirst tension means to open .the valvenfauther when said torque decreases, and manually operated means working over a scale graduated in miles or hour, for varyingmhetension of said. rst meansto correspondingly vary the normal speed .ofthe driving-member.

2. A power plantfor vehicles, comprising an engine with a throttle, agenemtor driven bymthc engine, amotor driven byath'e generator, a governor-including a windi in connection r with .the generator tenni to produce a. field, .an alrmatur'e"in 's'aid field, erecting a closing torque the throttle, by which it is carried, meansiexe'rti I an opening torque: on the'throt'tle balancing: that. of -'the-arma.'ture'; and manually operated means .fnr varying the opening torqueof-said last meanstosct the speed at which the vehicle is to travel over any surface.

3. A poweuiplantifor uehiclesdcomprising ine having a raced .by'the a. driving 'mem- 'ng the fuel in- ,1111 engine :wiithiathrottle', aigenerator driven by the. engine,1.-a motor driven by the generator, .ag'o'uernordneluding a. winding in connection Zwithvthe' generator terminals to produce -.a ifield, anarniature in said field, excl-tings closing: torque onthe throttle by which t is .caaried,.resilient means exerting an opening torque on ithe;throttle, balancing that of the armature; and .a lever with a connection to said resilient means, manually .adiustable over ;a scale graduated in units varying the opening torquebfsaid .resilie'nt meaxis thus causing a corresponding out at by the enerator to cilecta torquerequih rium on he governor armature.

A. A. powerplant for vehicles, comprising .an engine witha throttle, a. generator driven by the engine, a motor driven bythe genorator, a governor including a winding in connectiori with the generator terminals to produce afield, anarmature in said field exerting .a closing torque on the throttle by which it is carried, resilient means with a connection to the armature, augmenting the influence of said field; second resilient means exerting an opening torque on the throttle. initially overcomin the tension of the first resilient means andibalancing the torque of the armature, and a lever with a connection to saidsecond resilientmeans, manually adjustable over ascale graduated in units of vehicle speed, for varying the opening torque, of said second resilient means, thus causing a corresponding output by the generator to effect atorquc-equilibrium on the governor armature.

5. The combination with a prime mover and generator apparatus, of a series'motor connected thereto and a regulator comprising a throttle valve for the prime mover,

a torque motor connected thereto, cor'npris- 10 ing an armature and field winding; connected in series and across the generator terminals and an auxiliary field winding connected in series with the generator.

FRANCIS GLOYD LE MERLE. MERVIN JEAN ULLMAN. JOHN EMMET BARRY. 

